| Records |
| Author |
Cláudio, I. |
| Title |
O elegante feminismo de Coco Chanel |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Isto É independente |
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2085 |
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no |
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ref @ user @ claudio2009 |
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93024 |
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| Author |
Cláudio, I. |
| Title |
O elegante feminismo de Coco Chanel |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Isto É independente |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2085 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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no |
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ref @ user @ claudio2009 |
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94153 |
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| Author |
Weick, J.P. |
| Title |
Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Stem Cells International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Stem Cells Int |
| Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
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Pages |
4190438 |
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| Abstract |
Stem cell-derived neurons from various source materials present unique model systems to examine the fundamental properties of central nervous system (CNS) development as well as the molecular underpinnings of disease phenotypes. In order to more accurately assess potential therapies for neurological disorders, multiple strategies have been employed in recent years to produce neuronal populations that accurately represent in vivo regional and transmitter phenotypes. These include new technologies such as direct conversion of somatic cell types into neurons and glia which may accelerate maturation and retain genetic hallmarks of aging. In addition, novel forms of genetic manipulations have brought human stem cells nearly on par with those of rodent with respect to gene targeting. For neurons of the CNS, the ultimate phenotypic characterization lies with their ability to recapitulate functional properties such as passive and active membrane characteristics, synaptic activity, and plasticity. These features critically depend on the coordinated expression and localization of hundreds of ion channels and receptors, as well as scaffolding and signaling molecules. In this review I will highlight the current state of knowledge regarding functional properties of human stem cell-derived neurons, with a primary focus on pluripotent stem cells. While significant advances have been made, critical hurdles must be overcome in order for this technology to support progression toward clinical applications. |
| Address |
Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Fitz Hall Room 145, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA |
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English |
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1687-966X |
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PMID:27274733 |
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no |
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ref @ user @ |
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95947 |
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| Author |
Pfaender, S.; Fohr, K.; Lutz, A.-K.; Putz, S.; Achberger, K.; Linta, L.; Liebau, S.; Boeckers, T.M.; Grabrucker, A.M. |
| Title |
Cellular Zinc Homeostasis Contributes to Neuronal Differentiation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Neural Plasticity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neural Plast |
| Volume |
2016 |
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Pages |
3760702 |
| Keywords |
Apoptosis/physiology; Cell Survival/physiology; Homeostasis/*physiology; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism; Neurogenesis/*physiology; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism; Signal Transduction/physiology; Zinc/*metabolism |
| Abstract |
Disturbances in neuronal differentiation and function are an underlying factor of many brain disorders. Zinc homeostasis and signaling are important mediators for a normal brain development and function, given that zinc deficiency was shown to result in cognitive and emotional deficits in animal models that might be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. One underlying mechanism of the observed detrimental effects of zinc deficiency on the brain might be impaired proliferation and differentiation of stem cells participating in neurogenesis. Thus, to examine the molecular mechanisms regulating zinc metabolism and signaling in differentiating neurons, using a protocol for motor neuron differentiation, we characterized the expression of zinc homeostasis genes during neurogenesis using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and evaluated the influence of altered zinc levels on the expression of zinc homeostasis genes, cell survival, cell fate, and neuronal function. Our results show that zinc transporters are highly regulated genes during neuronal differentiation and that low zinc levels are associated with decreased cell survival, altered neuronal differentiation, and, in particular, synaptic function. We conclude that zinc deficiency in a critical time window during brain development might influence brain function by modulating neuronal differentiation. |
| Address |
Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany |
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English |
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1687-5443 |
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PMID:27247802 |
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no |
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ref @ user @ |
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95949 |
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| Author |
Mohan, K.N. |
| Title |
Stem Cell Models to Investigate the Role of DNA Methylation Machinery in Development of Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Stem Cells International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Stem Cells Int |
| Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
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Pages |
4379425 |
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| Abstract |
Epigenetic mechanisms underlie differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into different lineages that contain identical genomes but express different sets of cell type-specific genes. Because of high discordance rates in monozygotic twins, epigenetic mechanisms are also implicated in development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In support of this notion, increased levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT polymorphisms, and dysregulation of DNA methylation network were reported among schizophrenia patients. These results point to the importance of development of DNA methylation machinery-based models for studying the mechanism of abnormal neurogenesis due to certain DNMT alleles or dysregulated DNMTs. Achieving this goal is strongly confronted by embryonic lethality associated with altered levels of epigenetic machinery such as DNMT1 and expensive approaches in developing in vivo models. In light of literature evidence that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are tolerant of DNMT mutations and advancement in the technology of gene targeting, it is now possible to introduce desired mutations in DNMT loci to generate suitable ESC lines that can help understand the underlying mechanisms by which abnormal levels of DNMTs or their specific mutations/alleles result in abnormal neurogenesis. In the future, these models can facilitate development of suitable drugs for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India |
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1687-966X |
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PMID:26798355 |
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ref @ user @ |
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95979 |
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