| Records |
| Author |
Sacks, E.; Freeman, P.A.; Sakyi, K.; Jennings, M.C.; Rassekh, B.M.; Gupta, S.; Perry, H.B. |
| Title |
Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 3. neonatal health findings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Global Health |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J Glob Health |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
010903 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: As the number of deaths among children younger than 5 years of age continues to decline globally through programs to address the health of older infants, neonatal mortality is becoming an increasingly large proportion of under-5 deaths. Lack of access to safe delivery care, emergency obstetric care and postnatal care continue to be challenges for reducing neonatal mortality. This article reviews the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and common components of programs aiming to improve health during the first 28 days of life. METHODS: A database comprising evidence of the effectiveness of projects, programs and field research studies (referred to collectively as projects) in improving maternal, neonatal and child health through CBPHC has been assembled and described elsewhere in this series. From this larger database (N = 548), a subset was created from assessments specifically relating to newborn health (N = 93). Assessments were excluded if the primary project beneficiaries were more than 28 days of age, or if the assessment did not identify one of the following outcomes related to neonatal health: changes in knowledge about newborn illness, care seeking for newborn illness, utilization of postnatal care, nutritional status of neonates, neonatal morbidity, or neonatal mortality. Descriptive analyses were conducted based on study type and outcome variables. An equity assessment was also conducted on the articles included in the neonatal subset. RESULTS: There is strong evidence that CBPHC can be effective in improving neonatal health, and we present information about the common characteristics shared by effective programs. For projects that reported on health outcomes, twice as many reported an improvement in neonatal health as did those that reported no effect; only one study demonstrated a negative effect. Of those with the strongest experimental study design, almost three-quarters reported beneficial neonatal health outcomes. Many of the neonatal projects assessed in our database utilized community health workers (CHWs), home visits, and participatory women's groups. Several of the interventions used in these projects focused on health education (recognition of danger signs), and promotion of and support for exclusive breastfeeding (sometimes, but not always, including early breastfeeding). Almost all of the assessments that included a measurable equity component showed that CBPHC produced neonatal health benefits that favored the poorest segment of the project population. However, the studies were quite biased in geographic scope, with more than half conducted in South Asia, and many were pilot studies, rather than projects at scale. CONCLUSIONS: CBPHC can be effectively employed to improve neonatal health in high-mortality, resource-constrained settings. CBPHC is especially important for education and support for pregnant and postpartum mothers and for establishing community-facility linkages to facilitate referrals for obstetrical emergencies; however, the latter will only produce better health outcomes if facilities offer timely, high-quality care. Further research on this topic is needed in Africa and Latin America, as well as in urban and peri-urban areas. Additionally, more assessments are needed of integrated packages of neonatal interventions and of programs at scale. |
| Address |
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2047-2978 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28685041 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97330 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Blot, S.; Bauer, G.; Fraser, M.; Nleya, M.; Wadham, M. |
| Title |
AIDS Service Organization Access Among African, Caribbean and Other Black Residents of an Average Canadian City |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Immigr Minor Health |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
851-860 |
| Keywords |
African; Black people; Caribbean; Hiv/Aids; Health disparities; Health services research; Immigrant health; Minority health |
| Abstract |
Due to heightened vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities are priority groups for prevention and intervention services in Canada. However, it is not clear which factors may affect ACB communities' access to these services. We evaluated access to the local AIDS service organization (ASO) in Middlesex-London by using data from the Black, African and Caribbean Canadian Health Study. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence risk ratios for factors associated with three measures of access: familiarity with the ASO, willingness to access, and realized access. In adjusted analyses, older ACB community members were more likely to be familiar with the ASO, willing to access it, and have actually gone there. Canadian-born participants were less likely to have been to the ASO than recent immigrants. These results have implications for reaching specific segments of ACB communities for HIV/AIDS-related services in Canada. |
| Address |
Women and HIV/AIDS Initiative, Toronto, ON, Canada |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1557-1912 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:26895153 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97194 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Blot, S.; Bauer, G.; Fraser, M.; Nleya, M.; Wadham, M. |
| Title |
AIDS Service Organization Access Among African, Caribbean and Other Black Residents of an Average Canadian City |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Immigr Minor Health |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
851-860 |
| Keywords |
African; Black people; Caribbean; Hiv/Aids; Health disparities; Health services research; Immigrant health; Minority health |
| Abstract |
Due to heightened vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities are priority groups for prevention and intervention services in Canada. However, it is not clear which factors may affect ACB communities' access to these services. We evaluated access to the local AIDS service organization (ASO) in Middlesex-London by using data from the Black, African and Caribbean Canadian Health Study. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence risk ratios for factors associated with three measures of access: familiarity with the ASO, willingness to access, and realized access. In adjusted analyses, older ACB community members were more likely to be familiar with the ASO, willing to access it, and have actually gone there. Canadian-born participants were less likely to have been to the ASO than recent immigrants. These results have implications for reaching specific segments of ACB communities for HIV/AIDS-related services in Canada. |
| Address |
Women and HIV/AIDS Initiative, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1557-1912 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:26895153 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97682 |
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| Author |
Zapotoczna, M.; Forde, E.; Hogan, S.; Humphreys, H.; O'Gara, J.P.; Fitzgerald-Hughes, D.; Devocelle, M.; O'Neill, E. |
| Title |
Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infections Using Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Infect Dis |
| Volume |
215 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
975-983 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Biofilms/*drug effects; Catheter-Related Infections/*drug therapy; Cytokines/blood; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides/*pharmacology; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy; Vancomycin/administration & dosage; *Staphylococcus aureus; *antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); *biofilm; *catheter lock solution (CLS) |
| Abstract |
Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an effective antibiofilm treatment when applied as catheter lock solutions (CLSs) against S. aureus biofilm infections. The activity of synthetic AMPs (Bac8c, HB43, P18, Omiganan, WMR, Ranalexin, and Polyphemusin) was measured against early and mature biofilms produced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates from patients with device-related infections grown under in vivo-relevant biofilm conditions. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of the AMPs against human cells and their immunomodulatory potential in human blood were also characterized. The D-Bac8c2,5Leu variant emerged as the most effective AMP during in vitro studies and was also highly effective in eradicating S. aureus biofilm infection when used in a CLS rat central venous catheter infection model. These data support the potential use of D-Bac8c2,5Leu, alone or in combination with other AMPs, in the treatment of S. aureus intravenous catheter infections. |
| Address |
Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-1899 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28453851 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
99511 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Zapotoczna, M.; Forde, E.; Hogan, S.; Humphreys, H.; O'Gara, J.P.; Fitzgerald-Hughes, D.; Devocelle, M.; O'Neill, E. |
| Title |
Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infections Using Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Infect Dis |
| Volume |
215 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
975-983 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Biofilms/*drug effects; Catheter-Related Infections/*drug therapy; Cytokines/blood; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides/*pharmacology; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy; Vancomycin/administration & dosage; *Staphylococcus aureus; *antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); *biofilm; *catheter lock solution (CLS) |
| Abstract |
Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an effective antibiofilm treatment when applied as catheter lock solutions (CLSs) against S. aureus biofilm infections. The activity of synthetic AMPs (Bac8c, HB43, P18, Omiganan, WMR, Ranalexin, and Polyphemusin) was measured against early and mature biofilms produced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates from patients with device-related infections grown under in vivo-relevant biofilm conditions. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of the AMPs against human cells and their immunomodulatory potential in human blood were also characterized. The D-Bac8c2,5Leu variant emerged as the most effective AMP during in vitro studies and was also highly effective in eradicating S. aureus biofilm infection when used in a CLS rat central venous catheter infection model. These data support the potential use of D-Bac8c2,5Leu, alone or in combination with other AMPs, in the treatment of S. aureus intravenous catheter infections. |
| Address |
Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-1899 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28453851 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
100541 |
| Permanent link to this record |
