| Records |
| Author |
Harling, G.; Lima Neto, A.S.; Sousa, G.S.; Machado, M.M.T.; Castro, M.C. |
| Title |
Determinants of tuberculosis transmission and treatment abandonment in Fortaleza, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
BMC Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Public Health |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
508 |
| Keywords |
Brazil; Epidemiology; Fortaleza; Social determinants; Spatial analysis; Treatment; Treatment failure; Tuberculosis |
Abstract  |
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem, despite recent achievements in reducing incidence and mortality rates. In Brazil, these achievements were above the worldwide average, but marked by large regional heterogeneities. In Fortaleza (5th largest city in Brazil), the tuberculosis cure rate has been declining and treatment abandonment has been increasing in the past decade, despite a reduction in incidence and an increase in directly observed therapy (DOT). These trends put efforts to eliminate tuberculosis at risk. We therefore sought to determine social and programmatic determinants of tuberculosis incidence and treatment abandonment in Fortaleza. METHODS: We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical data for all new tuberculosis cases notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) from Fortaleza between 2007 and 2014. We calculated incidence rates for 117 neighborhoods in Fortaleza, assessed their spatial clustering, and used spatial regression models to quantify associations between neighborhood-level covariates and incidence rates. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to evaluate how individual- and neighborhood-level covariates predicted tuberculosis treatment abandonment. RESULTS: There were 12,338 new cases reported during the study period. Case rates across neighborhoods were significantly positively clustered in two low-income areas close to the city center. In an adjusted model, tuberculosis rates were significantly higher in neighborhoods with lower literacy, higher sewerage access and homicide rates, and a greater proportion of self-reported black residents. Treatment was abandoned in 1901 cases (15.4%), a rate that rose by 71% between 2007 and 2014. Abandonment was significantly associated with many individual sociodemographic and clinical factors. Notably, being recommended for DOT was protective for those who completed DOT, but associated with abandonment for those who did not. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status areas have higher tuberculosis rates, and low socioeconomic individuals have higher risk of treatment abandonment, in Fortaleza. Treatment abandonment rates are growing despite the advent of universal DOT recommendations in Brazil. Proactive social policies, and active contact tracing to find missed cases, may help reduce the tuberculosis burden in this setting. |
| Address |
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I, Room 1113, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. mcastro@hsph.harvard.edu |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1471-2458 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:28545423 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97635 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Khalifa, J.; Tensaouti, F.; Lusque, A.; Plas, B.; Lotterie, J.-A.; Benouaich-Amiel, A.; Uro-Coste, E.; Lubrano, V.; Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, E. |
| Title |
Subventricular zones: new key targets for glioblastoma treatment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Radiation Oncology (London, England) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiat Oncol |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
67 |
| Keywords |
Glioblastoma; Prognostic factors; Radiotherapy; Stem-cell niche; Subventricular Zone |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify subventricular zone (SVZ)-related prognostic factors of survival and patterns of recurrence among patients with glioblastoma. METHODS: Forty-three patients with primary diagnosed glioblastoma treated in our Cancer Center between 2006 and 2010 were identified. All patients received surgical resection, followed by temozolomide-based chemoradiation. Ipsilateral (iSVZ), contralateral (cSVZ) and bilateral (bSVZ) SVZs were retrospectively segmented and radiation dose-volume histograms were generated. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was assessed to examine the relationship between prognostic factors and time to progression (TTP) or overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Median age was 59 years (range: 25-85). Median follow-up, OS and TTP were 22.7 months (range 7.5-69.7 months), 22.7 months (95% CI 14.5-26.2 months) and 6.4 months (95% CI 4.4-9.3 months), respectively. On univariate analysis, initial contact to SVZ was a poor prognostic factor for OS (18.7 vs 41.7 months, p = 0.014) and TTP (4.6 vs 12.9 months, p = 0.002). Patients whose bSVZ volume receiving at least 20 Gy (V20Gy) was greater than 84% had a significantly improved TTP (17.7 months vs 5.2 months, p = 0.017). This radiation dose coverage was compatible with an hippocampal sparing. On multivariate analysis, initial contact to SVZ and V20 Gy to bSVZ lesser than 84% remained poor prognostic factors for TTP (HR = 3.07, p = 0.012 and HR = 2.67, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that contact to SVZ, as well as insufficient bSVZ radiation dose coverage (V20Gy <84%), might be independent poor prognostic factors for TTP. Therefore, targeting SVZ could be of crucial interest for optimizing glioblastoma treatment. |
| Address |
INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche contre le Cancer de Toulouse, 1 avenue Irene Joliot-Curie, Toulouse Cedex, 31059, France |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1748-717X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:28424082 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96593 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Kim, M.Y.; Park, S.-J.; Shim, J.W.; Song, Y.J.; Yang, K.; Park, S.-J.; Heo, K. |
| Title |
Accumulation of low-dose BIX01294 promotes metastatic potential of U251 glioblastoma cells |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Oncology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oncol Lett |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1767-1774 |
| Keywords |
Bix01294; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; glioblastoma stem cells; metastasis |
| Abstract |
BIX01294 (Bix) is known to be a euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 inhibitor and treatment with Bix suppresses cancer cell survival and proliferation. In the present study, it was observed that sequential treatment with low-dose Bix notably increases glioblastoma cell migration and metastasis. It was demonstrated that U251 cells sequentially treated with low-dose Bix exhibited induced characteristic changes in critical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, beta-catenin and zinc finger protein SNAI2. Notably, sequential treatment with Bix also increased the expression of cancer stem cell-associated markers, including sex determining region Y-box 2, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and cluster of differentiation 133. Neurosphere formation was significantly enhanced in cells sequentially treated with Bix, compared with control cells (control: P=0.011; single treatment of Bix, P=0.045). The results of the present study suggest that accumulation of low-dose Bix enhanced the migration and metastatic potential of glioblastoma cells by regulating EMT-associated gene expression, which may be the cause of the altered properties of glioblastoma stem cells. |
| Address |
Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1792-1074 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:28454322 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96588 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Safon, C.; Keene, D.; Guevara, W.J.U.; Kiani, S.; Herkert, D.; Munoz, E.E.; Perez-Escamilla, R. |
| Title |
Determinants of perceived insufficient milk among new mothers in Leon, Nicaragua |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Maternal & Child Nutrition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Matern Child Nutr |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
|
| Keywords |
Baby-friendly hospital initiative; breastfeeding; breastfeeding promotion; breastfeeding support; perceived insufficient milk; qualitative methods |
| Abstract |
Breastfeeding has been shown to improve maternal and child health. In Nicaragua, the primary risk of death and disability-adjusted life years among children under 5 years of age is suboptimal breastfeeding. Although the Nicaraguan Ministry of Health promotes exclusive breastfeeding from within the first half hour through the first 6 months of life, less than a third of children in the country under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. As part of a larger, mixed-methods study, 21 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with new mothers recruited from three primary health centers between June and August 2015 in order to identify the social, cultural, and structural factors that contribute to infant feeding practices and the discrepancy between recommendations and practices among mothers who delivered at an urban public hospital in Leon, Nicaragua. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, and interview transcripts were coded and analyzed by a three-member team using a grounded theory approach. Findings highlight a widespread perception of insufficient milk among mothers that influenced early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and other infant feeding practices. This perception stemmed from anxiety about meeting infant nutritional needs and infant satiety, anxiety about maternal nutrition, advice from and role modeling of family members about mixed feeding, and perceived infant feeding norms. Results suggest that support modeled after the 10 steps of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative as well as strengthened policy-level support are needed. Community interventions that address cultural and structural barriers to improve breastfeeding practices may also help to increase breastfeeding rates. |
| Address |
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1740-8695 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:27650889 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97340 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Goncalves, D.P.N.; Rodriguez, R.D.; Kurth, T.; Bray, L.J.; Binner, M.; Jungnickel, C.; Gur, F.N.; Poser, S.W.; Schmidt, T.L.; Zahn, D.R.T.; Androutsellis-Theotokis, A.; Schlierf, M.; Werner, C. |
| Title |
Enhanced targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells by peptide-functionalized gold nanorods in hydrogel-based 3D cultures |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Acta Biomaterialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Biomater |
| Volume |
58 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
12-25 |
| Keywords |
3D culture; Cancer stem cells; Glioblastoma Multiforme; Gold nanorods; Photothermolysis |
| Abstract |
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis in several cancer types, making their eradication a primary objective in cancer therapy. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors are usually composed of a highly infiltrating CSC subpopulation, which has Nestin as a putative marker. Since the majority of these infiltrating cells are able to elude conventional therapies, we have developed gold nanorods (AuNRs) functionalized with an engineered peptide capable of specific recognition and selective eradication of Nestin positive infiltrating GBM-CSCs. These AuNRs generate heat when irradiated by a near-infrared laser, and cause localized cell damage. Nanoparticle internalization assays performed with GBM-CSCs or Nestin negative cells cultured as two-dimensional (2D) monolayers or embedded in three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable-hydrogels of tunable mechanical properties, revealed that the AuNRs were mainly internalized by GBM-CSCs, and not by Nestin negative cells. The AuNRs were taken up via energy-dependent and caveolae-mediated endocytic mechanisms, and were localized inside endosomes. Photothermal treatments resulted in the selective elimination of GBM-CSCs through cell apoptosis, while Nestin negative cells remained viable. Results also indicated that GBM-CSCs embedded in hydrogels were more resistant to AuNR photothermal treatments than when cultured as 2D monolayers. In summary, the combination of our engineered AuNRs with our tunable hydrogel system has shown the potential to provide an in vitro platform for the evaluation and screening of AuNR-based cancer therapeutics, leading to a substantial advancement in the application of AuNRs for targeted GBM-CSC therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is an urgent need for reliable and efficient therapies for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), which is currently an untreatable brain tumor form with a very poor patient survival rate. GBM tumors are mostly comprised of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor reoccurrence and therapy resistance. We have developed gold nanorods functionalized with an engineered peptide capable of selective recognition and eradication of GBM-CSCs via heat generation by nanorods upon NIR irradiation. An in vitro evaluation of nanorod therapeutic activities was performed in 3D synthetic-biodegradable hydrogel models with distinct biomechanical cues, and compared to 2D cultures. Results indicated that cells cultured in 3D were more resistant to photothermolysis than in 2D systems. |
| Address |
Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany |
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1742-7061 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:28576716 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96583 |
| Permanent link to this record |
