| Records |
| Author |
Brinkmann, S. |
| Title |
“Fight the poisoners of the people!” The beginnings of food regulation in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 1889-1930 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Historia, Ciencias, Saude--Manguinhos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages  |
313-331 |
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| Abstract |
For urban Brazil, the First World War triggered a dramatic food crisis that brought with it a massive increase in falsified goods and led to an uproar among the general public. Critics targeted the health authorities, who were evidently unable to suppress these frauds. This text spans the First Republic period and shows that since its proclamation the issue of regulating the food trade was part of health policies, but implementation was repeatedly delayed because of other priorities. This situation only changed with the health reforms of the early 1920s, which allows us to identify the First World War food crisis as a decisive point for the Brazilian state to take responsibility in this area. |
| Address |
Professor, Instituto de Estudios Europeos/Departamento de Ciencia Politica y Relaciones Internacionale/Universidad del Norte. Km. 5 via Puerto Colombia. 080001 – Barranquilla – Colombia. sbrinkmann@uninorte.edu.co |
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| Language |
English |
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Original Title |
“Guerra aos envenenadores do povo!” Os inicios da regulacao de alimentos em Sao Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro, 1889-1930 |
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| ISSN |
0104-5970 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28658421 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
98020 |
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| Author |
Pinsky, I.; Noto, A.R.; Botequio de Moraes, M.C.; Lucas Dos Santos, E.; Sparks, R.; O'Brien, K. |
| Title |
Alcohol Industry Sponsorship of University Student Sports Clubs in Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Stud Alcohol Drugs |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
306-312 |
| Keywords |
Alcohol Drinking/*economics; Brazil; Commerce; Humans; Marketing/*economics; Perception; *Sports; Students; *Universities |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: The university sport environment represents an important target for alcohol industry marketing. This study investigated the nature of relationships between the alcohol industry and university student sports clubs (USSCs). METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with board members from 60 active USSCs in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to content analysis using NVivo10. RESULTS: All invited USSCs participated in the study. Most (n = 53; 88%) reported having signed contracts with the alcohol industry (breweries, in every case) to have their sports events and parties sponsored. The most common sponsorship arrangement involved the supply of discounted beer for sport and student events. T-shirts, beer freezers, and stereo systems were also frequently provided by the alcohol industry to support alcohol-related sports events. In addition, the alcohol industry event promoters helped market the events and products. In return, the USSCs agreed to exclusively sell the sponsors' brand of beer and/or order and sell a quota of beer at their events. Forty-nine interviewees (81%) reported agreements with alcohol companies whereby open bars (free alcohol events) would also be provided. Despite reporting a range of alcohol harms, participants did not perceive there to be a high risk of harm from the alcohol sponsorship arrangements. CONCLUSIONS: Most USSCs in Sao Paulo, Brazil, have formalized contracts with the alcohol industry that promote the marketing, sale, and consumption of alcohol at parties and university games. A critical review of the impacts of these practices and university policies on alcohol industry sponsorship that can take account of the role of such arrangements in student drinking is warranted. |
| Address |
School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1937-1888 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28317512 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97333 |
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| Author |
Cole, D.C.; Giordano, C.R.; Vasilopoulos, T.; Fahy, B.G. |
| Title |
Resident Physicians Improve Nontechnical Skills When on Operating Room Management and Leadership Rotation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Anesthesia and Analgesia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anesth Analg |
| Volume |
124 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
300-307 |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Anesthesiology residency primarily emphasizes the development of medical knowledge and technical skills. Yet, nontechnical skills (NTS) are also vital to successful clinical practice. Elements of NTS are communication, teamwork, situational awareness, and decision making. METHODS: The first 10 consecutive senior residents who chose to participate in this 2-week elective rotation of operating room (OR) management and leadership training were enrolled in this study, which spanned from March 2013 to March 2015. Each resident served as the anesthesiology officer of the day (AOD) and was tasked with coordinating OR assignments, managing care for 2 to 4 ORs, and being on call for the trauma OR; all residents were supervised by an attending AOD. Leadership and NTS techniques were taught via a standardized curriculum consisting of leadership and team training articles, crisis management text, and daily debriefings. Resident self-ratings and attending AOD and charge nurse raters used the Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) scoring system, which involved task management, situational awareness, teamwork, and decision making. For each of the 10 residents in their third year of clinical anesthesiology training (CA-3) who participated in this elective rotation, there were 14 items that required feedback from resident self-assessment and OR raters, including the daily attending AOD and charge nurse. Results for each of the items on the questionnaire were compared between the beginning and the end of the rotation with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched samples. Comparisons were run separately for attending AOD and charge nurse assessments and resident self-assessments. Scaled rankings were analyzed for the Kendall coefficient of concordance (omega) for rater agreement with associated chi and P value. RESULTS: Common themes identified by the residents during debriefings were recurrence of challenging situations and the skills residents needed to instruct and manage clinical teams. For attending AOD and charge nurse assessments, resident performance of NTS improved from the beginning to the end of the rotation on 12 of the 14 NTS items (P < .05), whereas resident self-assessment improved on 3 NTS items (P < .05). Interrater reliability (across the charge nurse, resident, and AOD raters) ranged from omega = .36 to .61 at the beginning of the rotation and omega = .27 to .70 at the end of the rotation. CONCLUSIONS: This rotation allowed for teaching and resident assessment to occur in a way that facilitated resident education in several of the skills required to meet specific milestones. Resident physicians are able to foster NTS and build a framework for clinical leadership when completing a 2-week senior elective as an OR manager. |
| Address |
From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Fla |
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English |
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0003-2999 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27918336 |
Approved |
no |
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ref @ user @ |
Serial |
95061 |
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| Author |
Griboff, J.; Horacek, M.; Wunderlin, D.A.; Monferran, M.V. |
| Title |
Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of metals, As and Se through a freshwater food web affected by antrophic pollution in Cordoba, Argentina |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf |
| Volume |
148 |
Issue |
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Pages |
275-284 |
| Keywords |
Aquatic organisms; As; Biomagnification; Food web; Metals; Stable isotopes |
| Abstract |
The concentration of metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, U), As and Se in different ecosystem components (water, sediment, plankton, shrimp, and fish muscle) has been determined in a eutrophic reservoir in the Province of Cordoba (Argentina). Los Molinos Lake (LML) was sampled during the dry (DS) and wet seasons (WS) in order to examine the bioaccumulation and transfer of these inorganic elements through the food web. Stable nitrogen isotope (delta15N) was used to investigate trophic interactions. According to this, samples were divided into three categories: plankton, shrimp (Palaemonetes argentinus) and fish (Silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated for the organisms, and it was determined that the elements analyzed undergo bioaccumulation, especially in organisms such as plankton. The invertebrates were characterized by the highest BAF for Cu and Zn in both seasons, As (DS), and Cd and Hg (WS). The fish muscle was characterized by the highest BAF for Se (WS), Ag and Hg (DS). On the other hand, a significant decrease in Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and U concentrations through the analyzed trophic web during both seasons was observed. Moreover, a significant increase in Hg levels was observed with increasing trophic levels in the DS, indicating its biomagnification. Despite the increasing impact of metals, As and Se pollution in the studied area due to urban growth and agricultural and livestock activities, no previous study has focused on the behavior and relationships of these pollutants with the biotic and abiotic components of this aquatic reservoir. We expect that these findings may be used for providing directions or guidance for future monitoring and environmental protection policies. |
| Address |
ICYTAC, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos Cordoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Electronic address: mmonferran@fcq.unc.edu.ar |
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English |
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0147-6513 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29078130 |
Approved |
no |
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ref @ user @ |
Serial |
98006 |
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| Author |
Mercatelli, N.; Galardi, S.; Ciafre, S.A. |
| Title |
MicroRNAs as Multifaceted Players in Glioblastoma Multiforme |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol |
| Volume |
333 |
Issue |
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Pages |
269-323 |
| Keywords |
Biomarker; Cancer stem cells; Glioblastoma; MicroRNAs; Microenvironment; OncomomiRs; Therapy; Tumor suppressors |
| Abstract |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and inevitably lethal primary brain tumor, with a median survival rate of only 15 months from diagnosis. The current standard treatment involves maximal surgical resection flanked by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. However, even such aggressive treatment is never curative, and recurrent tumors always arise, commonly in more aggressive, chemo- and radio-resistant forms, leading to untreatable and deadly tumors. MicroRNAs, recognized major players in cancer, are deeply involved in GBM, as shown by more than a decade of studies. In this review, we revise the main milestones of MicroRNA studies in GBM, and the latest relevant discoveries in this field. Examples are given of MicroRNAs working as “oncomiRs” or tumor suppressors, with specific connections with GBM clinical subtypes, patients' survival, and resistance to therapies. As the interaction of GBM cells with the microenvironment was proven as a key determinant of tumor growth, the role of MicroRNAs in GBM microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor-secreted microvesicles is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the latest findings presenting MicroRNAs as possible therapeutic targets for GBM, or their use as circulating biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis. |
| Address |
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy |
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English |
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1937-6448 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:28729027 |
Approved |
no |
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ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96577 |
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