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Author |
Firmansyah, I.; Spiller, M.; de Ruijter, F.J.; Carsjens, G.J.; Zeeman, G. |
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Title |
Assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus flows in agricultural and urban systems in a small island under limited data availability |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Total Environ |
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Volume |
574 |
Issue  |
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Pages |
1521-1532 |
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Keywords |
Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Small island system; Substance Flow Analysis (SFA); Urban metabolism; Urban-agriculture |
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Abstract |
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two essential macronutrients required in agricultural production. The major share of this production relies on chemical fertilizer that requires energy and relies on limited resources (P). Since these nutrients are lost to the environment, there is a need to shift from this linear urban metabolism to a circular metabolism in which N and P from domestic waste and wastewater are reused in agriculture. A first step to facilitate a transition to more circular urban N and P management is to understand the flows of these resources in a coupled urban-agricultural system. For the first time this paper presents a Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) approach for the assessment of the coupled agricultural and urban systems under limited data availability in a small island. The developed SFA approach is used to identify intervention points that can provide N and P stocks for agricultural production. The island of St. Eustatius, a small island in the Caribbean, was used as a case study. The model developed in this study consists of eight sub-systems: agricultural and natural lands, urban lands, crop production, animal production, market, household consumption, soakage pit and open-dump landfill. A total of 26 flows were identified and quantified for a period of one year (2013). The results showed that the agricultural system is a significant source for N and P loss because of erosion/run-off and leaching. Moreover, urban sanitation systems contribute to deterioration of the island's ecosystem through N and P losses from domestic waste and wastewater by leaching and atmospheric emission. Proposed interventions are the treatment of blackwater and greywater for the recovery of N and P. In conclusion, this study allows for identification of potential N and P losses and proposes mitigation measures to improve nutrient management in a small island context. |
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Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen UR, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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0048-9697 |
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PMID:27613673 |
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ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97161 |
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Author |
Corvalan, C.; Garmendia, M.L.; Jones-Smith, J.; Lutter, C.K.; Miranda, J.J.; Pedraza, L.S.; Popkin, B.M.; Ramirez-Zea, M.; Salvo, D.; Stein, A.D. |
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Title |
Nutrition status of children in Latin America |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Obes Rev |
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Volume |
18 Suppl 2 |
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Pages |
7-18 |
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Keywords |
Latin America; childhood obesity; children; nutrition and physical activity situation |
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Abstract |
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing among Latin American children, posing challenges for current healthcare systems and increasing the risk for a wide range of diseases. To understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity in Latin America, this paper reviews the current nutrition status and physical activity situation, the disparities between and within countries and the potential challenges for ensuring adequate nutrition and physical activity. Across the region, children face a dual burden of undernutrition and excess weight. While efforts to address undernutrition have made marked improvements, childhood obesity is on the rise as a result of diets that favour energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle. Over the last decade, changes in socioeconomic conditions, urbanization, retail foods and public transportation have all contributed to childhood obesity in the region. Additional research and research capacity are needed to address this growing epidemic, particularly with respect to designing, implementing and evaluating the impact of evidence-based obesity prevention interventions. |
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Hubert Department of Global Health of the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA |
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1467-7881 |
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PMID:28741907 |
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ref @ user @ |
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97263 |
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Ayash, C.; Costas-Muniz, R.; Badreddine, D.; Ramirez, J.; Gany, F. |
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Title |
An Investigation of Unmet Socio-Economic Needs Among Arab American Breast Cancer Patients Compared with Other Immigrant and Migrant Patients |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Community Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Community Health |
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Keywords |
Arabs; Breast cancer; Immigrant health |
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Although Arabs are a growing population in the United States, they are a hidden minority when compared to larger, more studied groups like Latinos and Caribbean immigrants of African descent (CIAD). There is limited research pertaining to patients' unmet socioeconomic and supportive care needs when undergoing breast cancer treatment, particularly among immigrants and migrants. This is a comparative study of a nested cohort of 36 Arabs, 145 Latinos and 128 CIAD breast cancer patients participating in the Integrated Cancer Care Access Network and their areas of needed assistance. The patients were recruited from eleven community cancer clinics in New York City and through community based organizations. Patients most commonly reported needing financial, transportation, and food assistance. Arabs were more likely than their CIAD and Latino counterparts to have health insurance and legal aid needs. Arabs also has the highest proportion of patients unaware of their own cancer stage, at odds with their report of lower information needs than the other groups. Additional culturally tailored Arabic language interventions are needed to educate Arabic speaking breast cancer patients to help facilitate access to available services. |
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Arab Health Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd floor, New York, NY, USA |
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0094-5145 |
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PMID:28669006 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97265 |
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Author |
Roldos, M.I.; Hopenhayn, C.; Sacoto, F.; Bustamante, K. |
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Title |
Developing local health policy: Profiling needs and opportunities in the Municipality of Quito, Ecuador |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Public Health Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Public Health Policy |
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Keywords |
Quito; local health policy; municipality; policy development; public health |
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We describe the steps taken and analysis applied in developing a local health policy agenda for the city of Quito, in Ecuador. In 2014, the Health Commissioner's Office of the Municipality of Quito analyzed the city's epidemiological health profiles, social determinants of health, the legal authority of the Municipality, and relevant literature to understand the city's health burden and develop a Ten-Year Health Plan (2015-2025). Results revealed that Quito's population suffered from noncommunicable chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension) and identified the primary risk factors (poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and resulting overweight or obesity). Other common conditions included respiratory diseases, mental health conditions, deaths and injuries from motor vehicles, violence, and physical insecurity. The plan emphasized health promotion and disease prevention with the aim of transforming citizens' health perceptions with their active participation by fostering public and private intersectoral commitment to improve the quality of life of the population . |
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Epidemiology Surveillance, Health Commissioner's Office, Municipality of Quito, Ecuador |
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0197-5897 |
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Notes |
PMID:28242874 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97335 |
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Author |
Navarrete-Reyes, A.P.; Medina-Rimoldi, C.T.; Avila-Funes, J.A. |
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Title |
Correlates of subjective transportation deficiency among older adults attending outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Geriatrics & Gerontology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geriatr Gerontol Int |
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Latin America; disability; mobility; older adults; transportation |
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AIM: Older adults frequently report problems of transportation. Little is known about the correlates of transportation deficiency in Latin America. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the correlates of subjective transportation deficiency (STD) among community-dwelling older adults attending a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 228 participants aged >/=70 years being followed in any of the outpatient clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out in order to identify the correlates of STD. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 79.8 years (SD 6.4) and 67.1% were women. STD was present in 46% of participants. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that female sex, illiteracy, mobility disability and the use of an assistive walking device had an independent and statistically significant association with STD. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex, illiteracy, mobility disability and the use of an assistive walking device were independent correlates of STD in the present study. Identifying the frequency and correlates of transportation deficiency in vulnerable populations will allow for the identification and implementation of useful public policies, as well as for the optimization of prevention and treatment strategies in an attempt to preserve mobility and autonomy, especially in low- and middle-income countries where previous work on transportation deficiency is lacking. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; : -**. |
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Research Center INSERM, Bordeaux, France |
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1447-0594 |
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PMID:28190303 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97336 |
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