| Records |
| Author |
Chae, S.; Desai, S.; Crowell, M.; Sedgh, G.; Singh, S. |
| Title |
Characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in selected low- and middle-income countries |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0172976 |
Keywords  |
Abortion, Legal/*economics/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Asia; Caribbean Region; Developing Countries/*economics; Educational Status; Europe; Female; Humans; Latin America; Marital Status/statistics & numerical data; Parity/physiology; Poverty/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Unplanned |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: In 2010-2014, approximately 86% of abortions took place in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although abortion incidence varies minimally across geographical regions, it varies widely by subregion and within countries by subgroups of women. Differential abortion levels stem from variation in the level of unintended pregnancies and in the likelihood that women with unintended pregnancies obtain abortions. OBJECTIVES: To examine the characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in LMICs. METHODS: We use data from official statistics, population-based surveys, and abortion patient surveys to examine variation in the percentage distribution of abortions and abortion rates by age at abortion, marital status, parity, wealth, education, and residence. We analyze data from five countries in Africa, 13 in Asia, eight in Europe, and two in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). RESULTS: Women across all sociodemographic subgroups obtain abortions. In most countries, women aged 20-29 obtained the highest proportion of abortions, and while adolescents obtained a substantial fraction of abortions, they do not make up a disproportionate share. Region-specific patterns were observed in the distribution of abortions by parity. In many countries, a higher fraction of abortions occurred among women of high socioeconomic status, as measured by wealth status, educational attainment, and urban residence. Due to limited data on marital status, it is unknown whether married or unmarried women make up a larger share of abortions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to identify subgroups of women with disproportionate levels of abortion, and can inform policies and programs to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancies; and in LMICs that have restrictive abortion laws, these findings can also inform policies to minimize the consequences of unsafe abortion and motivate liberalization of abortion laws. Program planners, policymakers, and advocates can use this information to improve access to safe abortion services, postabortion care, and contraceptive services. |
| Address |
Guttmacher Institute, New York, New York, United States of America |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28355285 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97641 |
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| Author |
Brown, D.V.; Filiz, G.; Daniel, P.M.; Hollande, F.; Dworkin, S.; Amiridis, S.; Kountouri, N.; Ng, W.; Morokoff, A.P.; Mantamadiotis, T. |
| Title |
Expression of CD133 and CD44 in glioblastoma stem cells correlates with cell proliferation, phenotype stability and intra-tumor heterogeneity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0172791 |
| Keywords |
AC133 Antigen/*metabolism; Animals; Antigens, CD44/*metabolism; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism; Brain Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology; Cell Proliferation; Female; Glioblastoma/*metabolism/pathology; Humans; Hypoxia; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism; Phenotype |
| Abstract |
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous tumor of the brain with a poor prognosis due to recurrence and drug resistance following therapy. Genome-wide profiling has revealed the existence of distinct GBM molecular subtypes that respond differently to aggressive therapies. Despite this, molecular subtype does not predict recurrence or drug resistance and overall survival is similar across subtypes. One of the key features contributing to tumor recurrence and resistance to therapy is proposed to be an underlying subpopulation of resistant glioma stem cells (GSC). CD133 expression has been used as a marker of GSCs, however recent evidence suggests the relationship between CD133 expression, GSCs and molecular subtype is more complex than initially proposed. The expression of CD133, Olig2 and CD44 was investigated using patient derived glioma stem-like cells (PDGCs) in vitro and in vivo. Different PDGCs exhibited a characteristic equilibrium of distinct CD133+ and CD44+ subpopulations and the influence of environmental factors on the intra-tumor equilibrium of CD133+ and CD44+ cells in PDGCs was also investigated, with hypoxia inducing a CD44+ to CD133+ shift and chemo-radiotherapy inducing a CD133+ to CD44+ shift. These data suggest that surveillance and modulation of intra-tumor heterogeneity using molecular markers at initial surgery and surgery for recurrent GBM may be important for more effective management of GBM. |
| Address |
Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
Summary Language |
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1932-6203 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28241049 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96604 |
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| Author |
Goncalves, P.B.; Hallal, P.C.; Hino, A.A.F.; Reis, R.S. |
| Title |
Individual and environmental correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adults from Curitiba, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Public Health |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Accelerometry; Adults; Environmental correlates; Individual correlates; Physical activity; Sedentary time |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the association of individual and neighborhood environment characteristics and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in adults from Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face household interviews in 2010. The analytic sample included 305 adults aged 20-65 years recruited from 32 census tracts selected according to neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status. Individual and environmental PA correlates were evaluated through standardized and valid self-reported measures, including the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Minutes per week of PA and ST were assessed through accelerometry. Multi-level regression models were used in the analyses. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders the strongest individual and environmental correlates associated with ST was residential density (B = 0.14; p = 0.008), light-intensity PA was being a father/mother (B = 35.71; p = 0.025) and moderate-to-vigorous PA was sex (B = 0.91; p < 0.001) and number of cars (one car, B = -1.05; two cars, B = -1.14; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations found with individual and environmental correlates varied accordingly across all outcomes. Future changes in policies and infrastructure should consider the social context of the community and improvements to promote a safer environment in the neighborhood. |
| Address |
Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1661-8556 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28717827 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97632 |
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| Author |
Goncalves, P.B.; Hallal, P.C.; Hino, A.A.F.; Reis, R.S. |
| Title |
Individual and environmental correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adults from Curitiba, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Public Health |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Accelerometry; Adults; Environmental correlates; Individual correlates; Physical activity; Sedentary time |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the association of individual and neighborhood environment characteristics and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in adults from Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face household interviews in 2010. The analytic sample included 305 adults aged 20-65 years recruited from 32 census tracts selected according to neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status. Individual and environmental PA correlates were evaluated through standardized and valid self-reported measures, including the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Minutes per week of PA and ST were assessed through accelerometry. Multi-level regression models were used in the analyses. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders the strongest individual and environmental correlates associated with ST was residential density (B = 0.14; p = 0.008), light-intensity PA was being a father/mother (B = 35.71; p = 0.025) and moderate-to-vigorous PA was sex (B = 0.91; p < 0.001) and number of cars (one car, B = -1.05; two cars, B = -1.14; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations found with individual and environmental correlates varied accordingly across all outcomes. Future changes in policies and infrastructure should consider the social context of the community and improvements to promote a safer environment in the neighborhood. |
| Address |
Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1661-8556 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28717827 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
98014 |
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| Author |
Rocha, G. da S.; Mello Jorge, M.H.P. de; Grembek, O. |
| Title |
After-effects and disabilities in traffic crash victims in northern Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Traffic Injury Prevention |
Abbreviated Journal |
Traffic Inj Prev |
| Volume |
18 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
412-419 |
| Keywords |
Accidents, Traffic/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brazil/epidemiology; Child; Cities; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Disabled Persons; Facial Injuries/epidemiology/mortality/pathology; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Motorcycles; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Wounds and Injuries/*epidemiology/mortality/pathology; Young Adult; Crashes; after-effects; severity of trauma; traffic; victims |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics related to crash and victim, as well as the after-effects/disabilities and consequences arising from traffic crashes occurring in the city of Rio Branco-Acre. METHODS: This is an analytical descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the City of Rio Branco-Acre. The study population consisted of 405 residents of the city who were victims of traffic crashes, of all age groups and genders, who were hospitalized for the first time as a result of the crash in public hospitals and the health system network, as recorded in the Hospital Information System, and who were discharged between January 1 and December 31, 2010. The data sources included hospital record consultations and active searches for the victims. Hierarchical logistic regression was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the after-effects. RESULTS: The majority of the study population was motorcycle victims (68.6%), male, and young (20-39 years). Concerning the after-effects, the following were significantly associated: factors related to the presence of a postcrash activity limitation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39-6.76), length of hospital stay in days (OR = 1 03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06), and surgical treatment (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03-3.21). Those who suffered damage to soft tissue and nerves or facial injury showed an odds ratio of 2 to 4 times of having an after-effect/disability, independent of the victim's personal attributes. CONCLUSION: The mechanism, such as the origin of the pattern of injuries, explains the exposure factors shown by each attribute of the victim and their characteristics. Many of the injuries were precursors to after-effects/disabilities, which, due to their nature and extent, result in the modification of the apparently healthy living standards of young victims who are routinely injured in traffic crashes. Therefore, public policies for prevention should be formulated, reformulated, and implemented, taking into account each attribute of the victims and their social conditions, because these are closely related to their habits and customs. This is a starting point for promoting changes to the current reality that traffic crashes present in the morbidity and mortality of the population. |
| Address |
c University of California , Berkeley , Safe Transportation Research and Education Center , Berkeley , California |
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Thesis |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1538-9588 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:27575383 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97666 |
| Permanent link to this record |
