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McCloskey, M.L.; Tarazona-Meza, C.E.; Jones-Smith, J.C.; Miele, C.H.; Gilman, R.H.; Bernabe-Ortiz, A.; Miranda, J.J.; Checkley, W. |
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Title |
Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
90 |
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Keywords  |
24-h recall; Chronic diseases; Low- and middle income countries; Nutrition transition; Overweight; Urbanization |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Diet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru. METHODS: We compared diet and activity in 1005 (503 urban, 502 rural) participants via a lifestyle questionnaire. We then recruited an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 50 (25 urban, 25 rural) participants to further characterize diet and activity. Among these participants, diet composition and macronutrient intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and physical activity was assessed using Omron JH-720itc pedometers. RESULTS: Among 1005 participants, we found that urban residents consumed protein-rich foods, refined grains, sugary items, and fresh produce more frequently than rural residents. Among the 50 subsample participants, urban dwellers consumed more protein (47 vs. 39 g; p = 0.05), more carbohydrates (280 vs. 220 g; p = 0.03), more sugary foods (98 vs. 48 g, p = 0.02) and had greater dietary diversity (6.4 vs 5.8; p = 0.04). Rural subsample participants consumed more added salt (3.1 vs 1.7 g, p = 0.006) and tended to consume more vegetable oil. As estimated by pedometers, urban subsample participants burned fewer calories per day (191 vs 270 kcal, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Although urbanization is typically thought to increase consumption of fat, sugar and salt, our 24-h recall results were mixed and showed lower levels of obesity in rural Puno were not necessarily indicative of nutritionally-balanced diets. All subsample participants had relatively traditional lifestyles (low fat intake, limited consumption of processed foods and frequent walking) that may play a role in chronic disease outcomes in this region. |
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Biomedical Research Unit, A.B. PRISMA, Lima, Peru. wcheckl1@jhmi.edu |
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1479-5868 |
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PMID:28693514 |
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98015 |
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Goncalves, D.P.N.; Rodriguez, R.D.; Kurth, T.; Bray, L.J.; Binner, M.; Jungnickel, C.; Gur, F.N.; Poser, S.W.; Schmidt, T.L.; Zahn, D.R.T.; Androutsellis-Theotokis, A.; Schlierf, M.; Werner, C. |
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Title |
Enhanced targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells by peptide-functionalized gold nanorods in hydrogel-based 3D cultures |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Acta Biomaterialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Biomater |
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58 |
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12-25 |
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3D culture; Cancer stem cells; Glioblastoma Multiforme; Gold nanorods; Photothermolysis |
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis in several cancer types, making their eradication a primary objective in cancer therapy. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors are usually composed of a highly infiltrating CSC subpopulation, which has Nestin as a putative marker. Since the majority of these infiltrating cells are able to elude conventional therapies, we have developed gold nanorods (AuNRs) functionalized with an engineered peptide capable of specific recognition and selective eradication of Nestin positive infiltrating GBM-CSCs. These AuNRs generate heat when irradiated by a near-infrared laser, and cause localized cell damage. Nanoparticle internalization assays performed with GBM-CSCs or Nestin negative cells cultured as two-dimensional (2D) monolayers or embedded in three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable-hydrogels of tunable mechanical properties, revealed that the AuNRs were mainly internalized by GBM-CSCs, and not by Nestin negative cells. The AuNRs were taken up via energy-dependent and caveolae-mediated endocytic mechanisms, and were localized inside endosomes. Photothermal treatments resulted in the selective elimination of GBM-CSCs through cell apoptosis, while Nestin negative cells remained viable. Results also indicated that GBM-CSCs embedded in hydrogels were more resistant to AuNR photothermal treatments than when cultured as 2D monolayers. In summary, the combination of our engineered AuNRs with our tunable hydrogel system has shown the potential to provide an in vitro platform for the evaluation and screening of AuNR-based cancer therapeutics, leading to a substantial advancement in the application of AuNRs for targeted GBM-CSC therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is an urgent need for reliable and efficient therapies for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), which is currently an untreatable brain tumor form with a very poor patient survival rate. GBM tumors are mostly comprised of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor reoccurrence and therapy resistance. We have developed gold nanorods functionalized with an engineered peptide capable of selective recognition and eradication of GBM-CSCs via heat generation by nanorods upon NIR irradiation. An in vitro evaluation of nanorod therapeutic activities was performed in 3D synthetic-biodegradable hydrogel models with distinct biomechanical cues, and compared to 2D cultures. Results indicated that cells cultured in 3D were more resistant to photothermolysis than in 2D systems. |
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Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany |
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1742-7061 |
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PMID:28576716 |
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96583 |
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Phanthaphol, N.; Techasen, A.; Loilome, W.; Thongchot, S.; Thanan, R.; Sungkhamanon, S.; Khuntikeo, N.; Yongvanit, P.; Namwat, N. |
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Upregulation of TCTP is associated with cholangiocarcinoma progression and metastasis |
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2017 |
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Oncology Letters |
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Oncol Lett |
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64, 65 |
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1792-1074 |
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98395 |
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Emery, I.F.; Gopalan, A.; Wood, S.; Chow, K.-H.; Battelli, C.; George, J.; Blaszyk, H.; Florman, J.; Yun, K. |
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Expression and function of ABCG2 and XIAP in glioblastomas |
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2017 |
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Journal of Neuro-Oncology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Neurooncol |
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133 |
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1 |
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47-57 |
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Abcg2; Glioblastoma; Glioma stem cells; Ko143; Xiap |
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Despite multimodal treatment that includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, virtually all glioblastomas (GBM) recur, indicating that these interventions are insufficient to eradicate all malignant cells. To identify potential new therapeutic targets in GBMs, we examined the expression and function of proteins that are associated with therapy resistance and cancer cell survival. We measured the expression of eight such proteins in 50 GBM samples by immunohistochemistry and analyzed patient survival. We report that GBM patients with high expression of ABCG2 (also called BCRP) or XIAP at the protein level had worse survival than those with low expression. The adjusted hazard ratio for ABCG2 was 2.35 and for XIAP was 2.65. Since glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been shown to be more resistant than bulk tumor cells to anti-cancer therapies and to express high levels of these proteins, we also sought to determine if ABCG2 and XIAP have functional roles in GSCs. We used small molecule inhibitors to treat patient-derived GBM tumorspheres in vitro and observed that inhibitors of ABCG2, Ko143 and fumitremorgin, significantly reduced self-renewal. These results suggest that ABCG2 and XIAP proteins may be useful indicators of patient survival and that inhibition of ABCG2 may be a promising therapeutic strategy in GBMs. |
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Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumors, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. kyun@houstonmethodist.org |
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0167-594X |
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PMID:28432589 |
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96591 |
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Chae, S.; Desai, S.; Crowell, M.; Sedgh, G.; Singh, S. |
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Characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in selected low- and middle-income countries |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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12 |
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3 |
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e0172976 |
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Abortion, Legal/*economics/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Asia; Caribbean Region; Developing Countries/*economics; Educational Status; Europe; Female; Humans; Latin America; Marital Status/statistics & numerical data; Parity/physiology; Poverty/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Unplanned |
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BACKGROUND: In 2010-2014, approximately 86% of abortions took place in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although abortion incidence varies minimally across geographical regions, it varies widely by subregion and within countries by subgroups of women. Differential abortion levels stem from variation in the level of unintended pregnancies and in the likelihood that women with unintended pregnancies obtain abortions. OBJECTIVES: To examine the characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in LMICs. METHODS: We use data from official statistics, population-based surveys, and abortion patient surveys to examine variation in the percentage distribution of abortions and abortion rates by age at abortion, marital status, parity, wealth, education, and residence. We analyze data from five countries in Africa, 13 in Asia, eight in Europe, and two in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). RESULTS: Women across all sociodemographic subgroups obtain abortions. In most countries, women aged 20-29 obtained the highest proportion of abortions, and while adolescents obtained a substantial fraction of abortions, they do not make up a disproportionate share. Region-specific patterns were observed in the distribution of abortions by parity. In many countries, a higher fraction of abortions occurred among women of high socioeconomic status, as measured by wealth status, educational attainment, and urban residence. Due to limited data on marital status, it is unknown whether married or unmarried women make up a larger share of abortions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to identify subgroups of women with disproportionate levels of abortion, and can inform policies and programs to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancies; and in LMICs that have restrictive abortion laws, these findings can also inform policies to minimize the consequences of unsafe abortion and motivate liberalization of abortion laws. Program planners, policymakers, and advocates can use this information to improve access to safe abortion services, postabortion care, and contraceptive services. |
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Guttmacher Institute, New York, New York, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28355285 |
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ref @ user @ |
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97183 |
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