| Records |
| Author |
Chae, S.; Desai, S.; Crowell, M.; Sedgh, G.; Singh, S. |
| Title |
Characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in selected low- and middle-income countries |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0172976 |
| Keywords |
Abortion, Legal/*economics/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Asia; Caribbean Region; Developing Countries/*economics; Educational Status; Europe; Female; Humans; Latin America; Marital Status/statistics & numerical data; Parity/physiology; Poverty/psychology/*statistics & numerical data; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Unplanned |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: In 2010-2014, approximately 86% of abortions took place in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although abortion incidence varies minimally across geographical regions, it varies widely by subregion and within countries by subgroups of women. Differential abortion levels stem from variation in the level of unintended pregnancies and in the likelihood that women with unintended pregnancies obtain abortions. OBJECTIVES: To examine the characteristics of women obtaining induced abortions in LMICs. METHODS: We use data from official statistics, population-based surveys, and abortion patient surveys to examine variation in the percentage distribution of abortions and abortion rates by age at abortion, marital status, parity, wealth, education, and residence. We analyze data from five countries in Africa, 13 in Asia, eight in Europe, and two in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). RESULTS: Women across all sociodemographic subgroups obtain abortions. In most countries, women aged 20-29 obtained the highest proportion of abortions, and while adolescents obtained a substantial fraction of abortions, they do not make up a disproportionate share. Region-specific patterns were observed in the distribution of abortions by parity. In many countries, a higher fraction of abortions occurred among women of high socioeconomic status, as measured by wealth status, educational attainment, and urban residence. Due to limited data on marital status, it is unknown whether married or unmarried women make up a larger share of abortions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to identify subgroups of women with disproportionate levels of abortion, and can inform policies and programs to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancies; and in LMICs that have restrictive abortion laws, these findings can also inform policies to minimize the consequences of unsafe abortion and motivate liberalization of abortion laws. Program planners, policymakers, and advocates can use this information to improve access to safe abortion services, postabortion care, and contraceptive services. |
| Address |
Guttmacher Institute, New York, New York, United States of America |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28355285 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97183 |
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| Author |
Corburn, J.; Sverdlik, A. |
| Title |
Slum Upgrading and Health Equity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Africa; Asia; Climate Change; Employment; Environmental Health; *Health Equity; Housing; Humans; Latin America; *Poverty Areas; Socioeconomic Factors; Urban Health; Urban Population; climate change adaptation; health equity; health in all policies; housing; participation; slum upgrading; slums; social determinants of health; sustainable development goals |
| Abstract |
Informal settlement upgrading is widely recognized for enhancing shelter and promoting economic development, yet its potential to improve health equity is usually overlooked. Almost one in seven people on the planet are expected to reside in urban informal settlements, or slums, by 2030. Slum upgrading is the process of delivering place-based environmental and social improvements to the urban poor, including land tenure, housing, infrastructure, employment, health services and political and social inclusion. The processes and products of slum upgrading can address multiple environmental determinants of health. This paper reviewed urban slum upgrading evaluations from cities across Asia, Africa and Latin America and found that few captured the multiple health benefits of upgrading. With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on improving well-being for billions of city-dwellers, slum upgrading should be viewed as a key strategy to promote health, equitable development and reduce climate change vulnerabilities. We conclude with suggestions for how slum upgrading might more explicitly capture its health benefits, such as through the use of health impact assessment (HIA) and adopting an urban health in all policies (HiAP) framework. Urban slum upgrading must be more explicitly designed, implemented and evaluated to capture its multiple global environmental health benefits. |
| Address |
Department of City and Regional Planning & School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. sverdlik@berkeley.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1660-4601 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28338613 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97184 |
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| Author |
Ross, I.; Mejia, C.; Melendez, J.; Chan, P.A.; Nunn, A.C.; Powderly, W.; Goodenberger, K.; Liu, J.; Mayer, K.H.; Patel, R.R. |
| Title |
Awareness and attitudes of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among physicians in Guatemala: Implications for country-wide implementation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0173057 |
| Keywords |
Adult; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use; *Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Guatemala; HIV Infections/*prevention & control; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Physicians/psychology; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/*statistics & numerical data; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/*statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires |
| Abstract |
INTRODUCTION: HIV continues to be a major health concern with approximately 2.1 million new infections occurring worldwide in 2015. In Central America, Guatemala had the highest incident number of HIV infections (3,700) in 2015. Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was recently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an efficacious intervention to prevent HIV transmission. PrEP implementation efforts are underway in Guatemala and success will require providers that are knowledgeable and willing to prescribe PrEP. We sought to explore current PrEP awareness and prescribing attitudes among Guatemalan physicians in order to inform future PrEP implementation efforts. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult internal medicine physicians at the main teaching hospital in Guatemala City in March 2015. The survey included demographics, medical specialty, years of HIV patient care, PrEP awareness, willingness to prescribe PrEP, previous experience with post-exposure prophylaxis, and concerns about PrEP. The primary outcome was willingness to prescribe PrEP, which was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale for different at-risk population scenarios. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors for willingness to prescribe PrEP. RESULTS: Eighty-seven physicians completed the survey; 66% were male, 64% were internal medicine residency trainees, and 10% were infectious disease (ID) specialists. Sixty-nine percent of physicians were PrEP aware, of which 9% had previously prescribed PrEP. Most (87%) of respondents were willing to prescribe PrEP to men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, injection drug users, or HIV-uninfected persons having known HIV-positive sexual partners. Concerns regarding PrEP included development of resistance (92%), risk compensation (90%), and cost (64%). Univariate logistic regression showed that younger age, being a resident trainee, and being a non-ID specialist were significant predictors for willingness to prescribe PrEP. In multivariate logistic regression, being a non-ID specialist was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Guatemalan physicians at an urban public hospital were PrEP aware and willing to prescribe, but few have actually done so yet. Future education programs should address the concerns identified, including the low potential for the development of antiretroviral resistance. These findings can aid PrEP implementation efforts in Guatemala. |
| Address |
Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:28257475 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97185 |
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| Author |
Del Brutto, O.H.; Mera, R.M.; Zambrano, M.; Del Brutto, V.J. |
| Title |
Severe edentulism is a major risk factor influencing stroke incidence in rural Ecuador (The Atahualpa Project) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Stroke |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
201-204 |
| Keywords |
Adult; Comorbidity; Ecuador/epidemiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension/complications/epidemiology; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous/complications/*epidemiology; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Severity of Illness Index; Stroke/complications/*epidemiology; Ecuador; Stroke incidence; cohort study; edentulism; stroke risk factors |
| Abstract |
Background There is no information on stroke incidence in rural areas of Latin America, where living conditions and cardiovascular risk factors are different from urban centers. Aim Using a population-based prospective cohort study design, we aimed to assess risk factors influencing stroke incidence in community-dwelling adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods First-ever strokes occurring from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2016, in Atahualpa residents aged >/=40 years, were identified from yearly door-to-door surveys and other overlapping sources. Poisson regression models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, edentulism and the length of observation time per subject were used to estimate stroke incidence rate ratio as well as factors influencing such incidence. Results Of 807 stroke-free individuals prospectively enrolled in the Atahualpa Project, follow-up was achieved in 718 (89%), contributing 2,499 years of follow-up (average 3.48 +/- 0.95 years). Overall stroke incidence rate was 2.97 per 100 person-years of follow-up (95% CI: 1.73-4.2), which increased to 4.77 (95% CI: 1.61-14.1) when only persons aged >/=57 years were considered. Poisson regression models, adjusted for relevant confounders, showed that high blood pressure (IRR: 5.24; 95% CI: 2.55-7.93) and severe edentulism (IRR: 5.06; 95% CI: 2.28-7.85) were the factors independently increasing stroke incidence. Conclusions Stroke incidence in this rural setting is comparable to that reported from the developed world. Besides age and high blood pressure, severe edentulism is a major factor independently predicting incident strokes. Public awareness of the consequences of poor dental care might reduce stroke incidence in rural settings. |
| Address |
4 Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA |
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English |
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1747-4930 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27777377 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97187 |
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| Author |
Blot, S.; Bauer, G.; Fraser, M.; Nleya, M.; Wadham, M. |
| Title |
AIDS Service Organization Access Among African, Caribbean and Other Black Residents of an Average Canadian City |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Immigr Minor Health |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
851-860 |
| Keywords |
African; Black people; Caribbean; Hiv/Aids; Health disparities; Health services research; Immigrant health; Minority health |
| Abstract |
Due to heightened vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities are priority groups for prevention and intervention services in Canada. However, it is not clear which factors may affect ACB communities' access to these services. We evaluated access to the local AIDS service organization (ASO) in Middlesex-London by using data from the Black, African and Caribbean Canadian Health Study. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence risk ratios for factors associated with three measures of access: familiarity with the ASO, willingness to access, and realized access. In adjusted analyses, older ACB community members were more likely to be familiar with the ASO, willing to access it, and have actually gone there. Canadian-born participants were less likely to have been to the ASO than recent immigrants. These results have implications for reaching specific segments of ACB communities for HIV/AIDS-related services in Canada. |
| Address |
Women and HIV/AIDS Initiative, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1557-1912 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:26895153 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
97194 |
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