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Blitchtein-Winicki, D.; Zevallos, K.; Samolski, M.R.; Requena, D.; Velarde, C.; Briceno, P.; Piazza, M.; Ybarra, M.L. |
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Title |
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Young Adults in Lima, Peru: Pilot Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
JMIR MHealth and UHealth |
Abbreviated Journal |
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e116 |
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Keywords |
Pilot Projects, Text Messaging, Smoking Cessation, Young Adult, Cognitive Therapy, Feasibility Studies, Latinos |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: In Peru's urban communities, tobacco smoking generally starts during adolescence and smoking prevalence is highest among young adults. Each year, many attempt to quit, but access to smoking cessation programs is limited. Evidence-based text messaging smoking cessation programs are an alternative that has been successfully implemented in high-income countries, but not yet in middle- and low-income countries with limited tobacco control policies. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an short message service (SMS) text message-based cognitive behavioral smoking cessation program for young adults in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Recruitment included using flyers and social media ads to direct young adults interested in quitting smoking to a website where interested participants completed a Google Drive survey. Inclusion criteria were being between ages 18 and 25 years, smoking at least four cigarettes per day at least 6 days per week, willing to quit in the next 30 days, owning a mobile phone, using SMS text messaging at least once in past year, and residing in Lima. Participants joined one of three phases: (1) focus groups and in-depth interviews whose feedback was used to develop the SMS text messages, (2) validating the SMS text messages, and (3) a pilot of the SMS text message-based smoking cessation program to test its feasibility and acceptability among young adults in Lima. The outcome measures included adherence to the SMS text message-based program, acceptability of content, and smoking abstinence self-report on days 2, 7, and 30 after quitting. RESULTS: Of 639 participants who completed initial online surveys, 42 met the inclusion criteria and 35 agreed to participate (focus groups and interviews: n=12; validate SMS text messages: n=8; program pilot: n=15). Common quit practices and beliefs emerged from participants in the focus groups and interviews informed the content, tone, and delivery schedule of the messages used in the SMS text message smoking cessation program. A small randomized controlled pilot trial was performed to test the program's feasibility and acceptability; nine smokers were assigned to the SMS text message smoking cessation program and six to a SMS text message nutrition program. Participant retention was high: 93% (14/15) remained until day 30 after quit day. In all, 56% of participants (5/9) in the SMS text message smoking cessation program reported remaining smoke-free until day 30 after quit day and 17% of participants (1/6) in the SMS text message nutrition program reported remaining smoke-free during the entire program. The 14 participants who completed the pilot reported that they received valuable health information and approved the delivery schedule of the SMS text messages. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial evidence that a SMS text message smoking cessation program is feasible and acceptable for young adults residing in Lima. |
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Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, CA, United States |
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2291-5222 |
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PMID:28778850 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
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98009 |
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Ferreira, A.A.; Souza-Filho, Z.A.; Goncalves, M.J.F.; Santos, J.; Pierin, A.M.G. |
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Title |
Relationship between alcohol drinking and arterial hypertension in indigenous people of the Mura ethnics, Brazil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e0182352 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects; Brazil/epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension/epidemiology/*etiology; Male; Middle Aged; Population Groups/*statistics & numerical data; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Smoking/*adverse effects; Young Adult |
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the consumption of alcoholic beverage and the relation with hypertension, their prevalence and associated factors, in indigenous Mura, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 455 adult indigenous aged 18 years or more of Mura ethnics in Amazonia, Brazil. Interview was conducted and the alcohol intake was assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Blood pressure was measured in three measurements and the mean of the last two measurements was used. Physical examination included the following data: weight, height, waist and neck circumference, bioimpedance, and capillary measurement of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Through multivariate Logistic regression in stepwise, the odds ratios for alcohol consumption and associated factors were identified. RESULTS: The prevalence of alcoholic beverage was 40.2%, with no significant difference for hypertension in those who drink (23.0%) and those who did not drink (29.0%). Referred hypertension in indigenous was associated to less use of alcoholic beverages (14.2% vs 24.3%, P = 0.009). After an adjusted analysis (Odds Ratio, 95% CI), there was a positive association between alcoholic drink intake and male sex (10.27, CI: 5.76-18.30), smoking (4.72, CI: 2.35-9.46) and live in rural areas (9.77, CI: 5.08-18.79). On the other hand, age (0.95, IC: 0.94-0.97), and absence of dyslipidemia (0.41, CI: 0.19-0.89) were associated to lower alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of alcoholic beverage was high and associated with referred hypertension, but this association was not maintained after adjusted analysis. Changes to habits and inappropriate lifestyles in indigenous populations and living in urban areas may contribute to increase risk for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, health policies should be implemented to meet the uniqueness of indigenous people. |
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Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28777805 |
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ref @ user @ |
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98010 |
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Magrath, J.W.; Kim, Y. |
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Salinomycin's potential to eliminate glioblastoma stem cells and treat glioblastoma multiforme (Review) |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal of Oncology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Oncol |
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51 |
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3 |
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753-759 |
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest form of primary brain tumor. Despite treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide, the expected survival after diagnosis remains low. The median survival is only 14.6 months and the two-year survival is a mere 30%. One reason for this is the heterogeneity of GBM including the presence of glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are a subset of cells with the unique ability to proliferate, differentiate, and create tumors. GSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and thought to play an important role in recurrence. In order to effectively treat GBM, a drug must be identified that can kill GSCs. The ionophore salinomycin has been shown to kill cancer stem cells and is therefore a promising future treatment for GBM. This study focuses on salinomycin's potential to treat GBM including its ability to reduce the CSC population, its toxicity to normal brain cells, its mechanism of action, and its potential for combination treatment. |
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Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA |
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1019-6439 |
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PMID:28766685 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
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96573 |
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Author |
Miranda, A.; Blanco-Prieto, M.; Sousa, J.; Pais, A.; Vitorino, C. |
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Title |
Breaching barriers in glioblastoma. Part I: Molecular pathways and novel treatment approaches |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Pharmaceutics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Pharm |
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Volume |
531 |
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1 |
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372-388 |
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Keywords |
Glioblastoma; Molecular mechanisms; Temozolomide; Therapeutic advances; Therapeutic resistance |
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour, and the most aggressive in nature. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival time of only 1-2 years. The treatment failure relies on the development of resistance by tumour cells and the difficulty of ensuring that drugs effectively cross the dual blood brain barrier/blood brain tumour barrier. The advanced molecular and genetic knowledge has allowed to identify the mechanisms responsible for temozolomide resistance, which represents the standard of care in GBM, along with surgical resection and radiotherapy. Such resistance has motivated the researchers to investigate new avenues for GBM treatment intended to improve patient survival. In this review, we provide an overview of major obstacles to effective treatment of GBM, encompassing biological barriers, cancer stem cells, DNA repair mechanisms, deregulated signalling pathways and autophagy. New insights and potential therapy approaches for GBM are also discussed, emphasizing localized chemotherapy delivered directly to the brain, immunotherapy, gene therapy and nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery. |
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Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Pharmacometrics Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: csvitorino@ff.uc.pt |
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0378-5173 |
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PMID:28755993 |
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ref @ user @ |
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96574 |
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Yin, J.; Oh, Y.T.; Kim, J.-Y.; Kim, S.S.; Choi, E.; Kim, T.H.; Hong, J.H.; Chang, N.; Cho, H.J.; Sa, J.K.; Kim, J.C.; Kwon, H.J.; Park, S.; Lin, W.; Nakano, I.; Gwak, H.-S.; Yoo, H.; Lee, S.-H.; Lee, J.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, S.-Y.; Nam, D.-H.; Park, M.-J.; Park, J.B. |
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Transglutaminase 2 Inhibition Reverses Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation of Glioma Stem Cells by Regulating C/EBPbeta Signaling |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Cancer Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Res |
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77 |
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18 |
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4973-4984 |
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Necrosis is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) and is responsible for poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying necrotic microenvironment-induced malignancy of GBM have not been elucidated. Here, we report that transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is upregulated in the perinecrotic region of GBM and triggered mesenchymal (MES) transdifferentiation of glioma stem cells (GSC) by regulating master transcription factors (TF), such as C/EBPbeta, TAZ, and STAT3. TGM2 expression was induced by macrophages/microglia-derived cytokines via NF-kappaB activation and further degraded DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (GADD153) to induce C/EBPbeta expression, resulting in expression of the MES transcriptome. Downregulation of TGM2 decreased sphere-forming ability, tumor size, and radioresistance and survival in a xenograft mouse model through a loss of the MES signature. A TGM2-specific inhibitor GK921 blocked MES transdifferentiation and showed significant therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of GSC. Moreover, TGM2 expression was significantly increased in recurrent MES patients and inversely correlated with patient prognosis. Collectively, our results indicate that TGM2 is a key molecular switch of necrosis-induced MES transdifferentiation and an important therapeutic target for MES GBM. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4973-84. (c)2017 AACR. |
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Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea |
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0008-5472 |
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PMID:28754668 |
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ref @ user @ |
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96575 |
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