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McCloskey, M.L.; Tarazona-Meza, C.E.; Jones-Smith, J.C.; Miele, C.H.; Gilman, R.H.; Bernabe-Ortiz, A.; Miranda, J.J.; Checkley, W. |
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Title |
Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act |
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14 |
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1 |
Pages |
90 |
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Keywords |
24-h recall; Chronic diseases; Low- and middle income countries; Nutrition transition; Overweight; Urbanization |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Diet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru. METHODS: We compared diet and activity in 1005 (503 urban, 502 rural) participants via a lifestyle questionnaire. We then recruited an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 50 (25 urban, 25 rural) participants to further characterize diet and activity. Among these participants, diet composition and macronutrient intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and physical activity was assessed using Omron JH-720itc pedometers. RESULTS: Among 1005 participants, we found that urban residents consumed protein-rich foods, refined grains, sugary items, and fresh produce more frequently than rural residents. Among the 50 subsample participants, urban dwellers consumed more protein (47 vs. 39 g; p = 0.05), more carbohydrates (280 vs. 220 g; p = 0.03), more sugary foods (98 vs. 48 g, p = 0.02) and had greater dietary diversity (6.4 vs 5.8; p = 0.04). Rural subsample participants consumed more added salt (3.1 vs 1.7 g, p = 0.006) and tended to consume more vegetable oil. As estimated by pedometers, urban subsample participants burned fewer calories per day (191 vs 270 kcal, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Although urbanization is typically thought to increase consumption of fat, sugar and salt, our 24-h recall results were mixed and showed lower levels of obesity in rural Puno were not necessarily indicative of nutritionally-balanced diets. All subsample participants had relatively traditional lifestyles (low fat intake, limited consumption of processed foods and frequent walking) that may play a role in chronic disease outcomes in this region. |
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Biomedical Research Unit, A.B. PRISMA, Lima, Peru. wcheckl1@jhmi.edu |
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1479-5868 |
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PMID:28693514 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
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98015 |
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Del Campo Vega, C.; Tutte, V.; Bermudez, G.; Parra, D.C. |
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Title |
Impact on Area-Level Physical Activity Following the Implementation of a Fitness Zone in Montevideo, Uruguay |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Physical Activity & Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Phys Act Health |
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14 |
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11 |
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883-887 |
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Keywords |
Soparc; observation; parks |
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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to measure the level of physical activity (PA) of the users of an urban park before and after the installation of 2 fitness zones (FZs) and to assess the impact of that intervention on the users' level of PA. METHODS: The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities method was applied in the urban plaza Liber Seregni in Montevideo (Uruguay): 14 different areas were mapped and then recategorized as fitness (for PAs, including sports), green, and paved zones. Observations were made in the spring (Sep-Oct) of 2011 and 2014, before and after placing 2 FZs. Participation was analyzed by gender, year, mapped areas, and zones, and significant differences were assessed using the chi2 test. RESULTS: In total, 7342 individuals (4091 men and 3251 women) were observed. A greater number of people with intense PA could be seen in the FZ, with significant differences between 2011 (45%) and 2014 (70%; P < .05). CONCLUSION: This is the first longitudinal study on the impact of an intervention to increase the level of PA in public spaces in Uruguay. Higher intensity levels of PA and fewer sedentary people were observed after the installation of the FZ. |
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1543-3080 |
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PMID:28556669 |
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98022 |
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Florindo, A.A.; Barrozo, L.V.; Cabral-Miranda, W.; Rodrigues, E.Q.; Turrell, G.; Goldbaum, M.; Cesar, C.L.G.; Giles-Corti, B. |
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Title |
Public Open Spaces and Leisure-Time Walking in Brazilian Adults |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
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14 |
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6 |
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Adolescent; Adult; Bicycling; Brazil; Child; Cities; City Planning; Cluster Analysis; Demography; Environment Design; Family Characteristics; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Parks, Recreational; Residence Characteristics/*statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires; Walking/*statistics & numerical data; Young Adult; Brazil; adults; built environment; leisure-time walking; public open spaces |
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Access to public open space is important to increase leisure-time walking (LTW) in high-income countries, but there is little evidence in middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between LTW and the presence of different public open spaces (parks, bike paths, and squares) and the mix of these recreational destinations near the homes of adults participating in the Sao Paulo Health Survey (n = 3145). LTW was evaluated by a questionnaire. We delineated buffers (500, 1000, and 1500 m) from the geographic coordinates of the adults' residential addresses using a geographic information system. We used multilevel logistic regression taking account of clustering by census tracts and households, and with adjustment for social, demographics, and health characteristics. The main results showed that the presence of at least two recreational destinations within a 500-m buffer of participants' homes were associated with an increased odds of LTW compared with no destinations present (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.09-2.55). No associations were found for destinations further away. These results support actions outlined in the new urban plan for Sao Paulo city and could be used to highlight the importance access to a mix of public open spaces to promote physical activity in megacities of middle-income countries. |
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Adjunct, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia. billie.giles-corti@rmit.edu.au |
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1660-4601 |
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PMID:28545242 |
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98023 |
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Monge-Rojas, R.; Fuster-Baraona, T.; Garita-Arce, C.; Sanchez-Lopez, M.; Colon-Ramos, U.; Smith-Castro, V. |
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How Self-Objectification Impacts Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls in Costa Rica |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Journal of Physical Activity & Health |
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J Phys Act Health |
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14 |
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2 |
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123-129 |
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Adolescent; *Adolescent Behavior; Body Image/*psychology; Costa Rica; Cultural Characteristics; *Exercise; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; Women's Health; Latin America; female identity; machismo; sexual harassment |
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BACKGROUND: In Latin America, more than 80% of adolescent girls are physically inactive. Inactivity may be reinforced by female stereotypes and objectification in the Latin American sociocultural context. METHODS: We examined the influence of objectification on the adoption of an active lifestyle among 192 adolescents (14 and 17 years old) from urban and rural areas in Costa Rica. Analyses of 48 focus-groups sessions were grounded in Objectification Theory. RESULTS: Vigorous exercises were gender-typed as masculine while girls had to maintain an aesthetic appearance at all times. Adolescents described how girls were anxious around the prospect of being shamed and sexually objectified during exercises. This contributed to a decrease in girls' desire to engage in physical activities. Among males, there is also a budding tolerance of female participation in vigorous sports, as long as girls maintained a feminine stereotype outside their participation. CONCLUSION: Self-objectification influenced Costa Rican adolescent girls' decisions to participate in physical activities. Interventions may include: procuring safe environments for physical activity where girls are protected from fear of ridicule and objectification; sensitizing boys about girl objectification and fostering the adoption of a modern positive masculine and female identities to encourage girls' participation in sports. |
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1543-3080 |
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PMID:27775480 |
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98041 |
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Hu, B.; Emdad, L.; Kegelman, T.P.; Shen, X.-N.; Das, S.K.; Sarkar, D.; Fisher, P.B. |
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Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 Regulates beta-Catenin Signaling to Maintain Glioma Stem-like Stemness and Self-Renewal |
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2017 |
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Molecular Cancer Research : MCR |
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Mol Cancer Res |
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15 |
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2 |
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225-233 |
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Brain Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/*metabolism; Cell Line, Tumor; Glioblastoma/genetics/metabolism/*pathology; Humans; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*pathology; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolism |
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Glioblastoma multiforme is a common malignant brain tumor that portends extremely poor patient survival. Recent studies reveal that glioma stem-like cells (GSC) are responsible for glioblastoma multiforme escape from chemo-radiotherapy and mediators of tumor relapse. Previous studies suggest that AEG-1 (MTDH), an oncogene upregulated in most types of cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme, plays a focal role linking multiple signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. We now report a crucial role of AEG-1 in glioma stem cell biology. Primary glioblastoma multiforme cells were isolated from tumor specimens and cultured as neurospheres. Using the surface marker CD133, negative and positive cells were separated as nonstem and stem populations by cell sorting. Tissue samples and low passage cells were characterized and compared with normal controls. Functional biological assays were performed to measure stemness, self-renewal, differentiation, adhesion, protein-protein interactions, and cell signaling. AEG-1 was upregulated in all glioblastoma multiforme neurospheres compared with normal neural stem cells. Expression of AEG-1 was strongly associated with stem cell markers CD133 and SOX2. AEG-1 facilitated beta-catenin translocation into the nucleus by forming a complex with LEF1 and beta-catenin, subsequently activating Wnt signaling downstream genes. Through an AEG-1/Akt/GSK3beta signaling axis, AEG-1 controlled phosphorylation levels of beta-catenin that stabilized the protein. IMPLICATIONS: This study discovers a previously unrecognized role of AEG-1 in GSC biology and supports the significance of this gene as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 225-33. (c)2016 AACR. |
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VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia |
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1541-7786 |
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PMID:27903708 |
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ref @ user @ |
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96619 |
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