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Canario Guzman, J.A.; Espinal, R.; Baez, J.; Melgen, R.E.; Rosario, P.A.P.; Mendoza, E.R. |
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Title |
Ethical challenges for international collaborative research partnerships in the context of the Zika outbreak in the Dominican Republic: a qualitative case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Health Research Policy and Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Health Res Policy Syst |
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Volume  |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
82 |
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Keywords |
Capacity-building; Caribbean region; Developing countries; Disease outbreaks; Dominican Republic; Health equity; Health research systems; Research ethics; Research networks; Zika virus |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: The establishment of international collaborative research partnerships in times of infectious disease outbreaks of international importance has been considered an ethical imperative. Frail health research systems in low- and middle-income countries can be an obstacle to achieve the goal of knowledge generation and the search for health equity before, during and after infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS: A qualitative case study was conducted to identify the challenges and opportunities facing the Dominican Republic with regards to developing international collaborative research partnerships in the context of the Zika outbreak and its ethical implications. Researchers conducted 34 interviews (n = 30 individual; n = 4 group) with 39 participants (n = 23 males; n = 16 females) representing the government, universities, international donor agencies, non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and medical societies, in two metropolitan cities. RESULTS: Five international collaborative research projects related to the Zika virus were identified. Major ethical challenges were linked to the governance of health research, training of human resources, the institutionalisation of scientific activity, access to research funds and cultural aspects. Capacity-building was not necessarily a component of some partnership agreements. With few exceptions, local researchers were merely participating in data collection and less on defining the problem. Opportunities for collaborative work included the possibility of participation in international research consortiums through calls for proposals. CONCLUSIONS: The Dominican government and research stakeholders can contribute to the international response to the Zika virus through active participation in international collaborative research partnerships; however, public recognition of the need to embrace health research as part of public policy efforts is warranted. A working group led by the government and formed by national and international research stakeholders will be key to identify ways in which the country could respond to the ethical demand of generating new knowledge in times of outbreaks. |
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Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Materno Infantil Dr. Hugo Mendoza (CENISMI), Centro Los Heroes, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana |
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1478-4505 |
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PMID:28946911 |
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ref @ user @ |
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97182 |
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Author |
Canario Guzman, J.A.; Espinal, R.; Baez, J.; Melgen, R.E.; Rosario, P.A.P.; Mendoza, E.R. |
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Title |
Ethical challenges for international collaborative research partnerships in the context of the Zika outbreak in the Dominican Republic: a qualitative case study |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Health Research Policy and Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Health Res Policy Syst |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
82 |
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Keywords |
Capacity-building; Caribbean region; Developing countries; Disease outbreaks; Dominican Republic; Health equity; Health research systems; Research ethics; Research networks; Zika virus |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: The establishment of international collaborative research partnerships in times of infectious disease outbreaks of international importance has been considered an ethical imperative. Frail health research systems in low- and middle-income countries can be an obstacle to achieve the goal of knowledge generation and the search for health equity before, during and after infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS: A qualitative case study was conducted to identify the challenges and opportunities facing the Dominican Republic with regards to developing international collaborative research partnerships in the context of the Zika outbreak and its ethical implications. Researchers conducted 34 interviews (n = 30 individual; n = 4 group) with 39 participants (n = 23 males; n = 16 females) representing the government, universities, international donor agencies, non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and medical societies, in two metropolitan cities. RESULTS: Five international collaborative research projects related to the Zika virus were identified. Major ethical challenges were linked to the governance of health research, training of human resources, the institutionalisation of scientific activity, access to research funds and cultural aspects. Capacity-building was not necessarily a component of some partnership agreements. With few exceptions, local researchers were merely participating in data collection and less on defining the problem. Opportunities for collaborative work included the possibility of participation in international research consortiums through calls for proposals. CONCLUSIONS: The Dominican government and research stakeholders can contribute to the international response to the Zika virus through active participation in international collaborative research partnerships; however, public recognition of the need to embrace health research as part of public policy efforts is warranted. A working group led by the government and formed by national and international research stakeholders will be key to identify ways in which the country could respond to the ethical demand of generating new knowledge in times of outbreaks. |
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Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Materno Infantil Dr. Hugo Mendoza (CENISMI), Centro Los Heroes, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana |
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1478-4505 |
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PMID:28946911 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
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97627 |
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Author |
Jensen, S.S.; Petterson, S.A.; Halle, B.; Aaberg-Jessen, C.; Kristensen, B.W. |
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Title |
Effects of the lysosomal destabilizing drug siramesine on glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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BMC Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Cancer |
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17 |
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1 |
Pages |
178 |
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Keywords |
Brain slice cultures; Cancer stem cell; Glioblastoma; Lysosomes; Siramesine; Spheroids |
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BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most malignant brain tumor with the patients having a median survival of only 14.6 months. Although glioblastoma patients are treated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy recurrence is inevitable. A stem-like population of radio- and chemoresistant brain tumor-initiating cells combined with the invasive properties of the tumors is believed to be critical for treatment resistance. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the effect of a novel therapeutic strategy using the lysosomotropic detergent siramesine on glioblastomas. METHODS: Standard glioma cell lines and patient-derived spheroids cultures with tumor-initiating stem-like cells were used to investigate effects of siramesine on proliferation and cell death. Responsible mechanisms were investigated by inhibitors of caspases and cathepsins. Effects of siramesine on migrating tumor cells were investigated by a flat surface migration assay and by implanting spheroids into organotypic rat brain slice cultures followed by confocal time-lapse imaging. Finally the effect of siramesine was investigated in an orthotopic mouse glioblastoma model. Results obtained in vitro and in vivo were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of histological sections of spheroids, spheroids in brain slice cultures and tumors in mice brains. RESULTS: The results showed that siramesine killed standard glioma cell lines in vitro, and loss of acridine orange staining suggested a compromised lysosomal membrane. Co-treatment of the cell lines with inhibitors of caspases and cathepsins suggested differential involvement in cell death. Siramesine caused tumor cell death and reduced secondary spheroid formation of patient-derived spheroid cultures. In the flat surface migration model siramesine caused tumor cell death and inhibited tumor cell migration. This could not be reproduced in the organotypic three dimensional spheroid-brain slice culture model or in the mice xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion the in vitro results obtained with tumor cells and spheroids suggest a potential of lysosomal destabilizing drugs in killing glioblastoma cells, but siramesine was without effect in the organotypic spheroid-brain slice culture model and the in vivo xenograft model. |
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 19.3, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. bjarne.winther.kristensen@rsyd.dk |
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1471-2407 |
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PMID:28270132 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96603 |
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Author |
Gersey, Z.C.; Rodriguez, G.A.; Barbarite, E.; Sanchez, A.; Walters, W.M.; Ohaeto, K.C.; Komotar, R.J.; Graham, R.M. |
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Title |
Curcumin decreases malignant characteristics of glioblastoma stem cells via induction of reactive oxygen species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
BMC Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Cancer |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
99 |
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Keywords |
Acetylcysteine/pharmacology; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Cell Survival/drug effects; Curcumin/*pharmacology; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Free Radical Scavengers; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/pathology; Humans; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*drug effects; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Brain tumor; Curcumin; Glioblastoma; Natural product; Reactive oxygen species; Stat3; Stem cell |
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BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor in adults. Following standard treatment of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, patients are expected to survive 12-14 months. Theorized cause of disease recurrence in these patients is tumor cell repopulation through the proliferation of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells. Current research has revealed curcumin, the principal ingredient in turmeric, can modulate multiple signaling pathways important for cancer stem cell self-renewal and survival. METHODS: Following resection, tumor specimens were dissociated and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) were propagated in neurosphere media and characterized via immunocytochemistry. Cell viability was determined with MTS assay. GSC proliferation, sphere forming and colony forming assays were conducted through standard counting methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined using the fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFA. Effects on cell signaling pathways were elucidated by western blot. RESULTS: We evaluate the effects of curcumin on patient-derived GSC lines. We demonstrate a curcumin-induced dose-dependent decrease in GSC viability with an approximate IC50 of 25 muM. Treatment with sub-toxic levels (2.5 muM) of curcumin significantly decreased GSC proliferation, sphere forming ability and colony forming potential. Curcumin induced ROS, promoted MAPK pathway activation, downregulated STAT3 activity and IAP family members. Inhibition of ROS with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed these effects indicating a ROS dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Discoveries made in this investigation may lead to a non-toxic intervention designed to prevent recurrence in glioblastoma by targeting glioblastoma stem cells. |
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Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative (UMBTI) Research Laboratory, Lois Pope LIFE Center, 2nd Floor, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA. rgraham@med.miami.edu |
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1471-2407 |
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PMID:28160777 |
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Call Number |
ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96610 |
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Spencer, D.A.; Auffinger, B.M.; Murphy, J.P.; Muroski, M.E.; Qiao, J.; Gorind, Y.; Lesniak, M.S. |
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Title |
Hitting a Moving Target: Glioma Stem Cells Demand New Approaches in Glioblastoma Therapy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Current Cancer Drug Targets |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Cancer Drug Targets |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
236-254 |
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Keywords |
Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects; Glioblastoma/*drug therapy/pathology; Glioma/drug therapy/*pathology; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy/*methods; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects/*pathology/radiation effects; Chemotherapy; drug targets; glioblastoma multiforme; glioma stem cells; niches; recurrence; resistance |
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BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to devastate patients and outfox investigators and clinicians despite the preponderance of research directed at its biology, pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. GBM routinely outlasts multidisciplinary treatment protocols, almost inevitably recurring in a yet more aggressive and resistant form with distinct genetic differences from the original tumor. Attempts to glean further insight into GBM point increasingly toward a subpopulation of cells with a stem-like phenotype. These cancer stem cells, similar to those now described in a variety of malignancies, are capable of tumorigenesis from a population of susceptible cells. CONCLUSIONS: Glioma stem cells have thus become a prevalent focus in GBM research for their presumed role in development, maintenance and recurrence of tumors. Glioma stem cells infiltrate the white matter surrounding tumors and often evade resection. They are uniquely suited both biochemically and environmentally to resist the best therapy currently available, intrinsically and efficiently resistant to standard chemo- and radiotherapy. These stem cells create an extremely heterogenous tumor that to date has had an answer for every therapeutic question, with continued dismal patient survival. Targeting this population of glioma stem cells may hold the long-awaited key to durable therapeutic efficacy in GBM. |
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Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL60611, United States |
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1568-0096 |
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PMID:27993114 |
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ref @ user @ |
Serial |
96616 |
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