%0 Journal Article
%T Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes
%A McCloskey, M.L.
%A Tarazona-Meza, C.E.
%A Jones-Smith, J.C.
%A Miele, C.H.
%A Gilman, R.H.
%A Bernabe-Ortiz, A.
%A Miranda, J.J.
%A Checkley, W.
%J The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2017
%V 14
%N 1
%@ 1479-5868
%F McCloskey_etal2017
%O PMID:28693514
%O exported from refbase (http://demo.refbase.net/show.php?record=98015), last updated on Sat, 11 Nov 2017 05:16:10 +0100
%X BACKGROUND: Diet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru. METHODS: We compared diet and activity in 1005 (503 urban, 502 rural) participants via a lifestyle questionnaire. We then recruited an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 50 (25 urban, 25 rural) participants to further characterize diet and activity. Among these participants, diet composition and macronutrient intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and physical activity was assessed using Omron JH-720itc pedometers. RESULTS: Among 1005 participants, we found that urban residents consumed protein-rich foods, refined grains, sugary items, and fresh produce more frequently than rural residents. Among the 50 subsample participants, urban dwellers consumed more protein (47 vs. 39 g; p = 0.05), more carbohydrates (280 vs. 220 g; p = 0.03), more sugary foods (98 vs. 48 g, p = 0.02) and had greater dietary diversity (6.4 vs 5.8; p = 0.04). Rural subsample participants consumed more added salt (3.1 vs 1.7 g, p = 0.006) and tended to consume more vegetable oil. As estimated by pedometers, urban subsample participants burned fewer calories per day (191 vs 270 kcal, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Although urbanization is typically thought to increase consumption of fat, sugar and salt, our 24-h recall results were mixed and showed lower levels of obesity in rural Puno were not necessarily indicative of nutritionally-balanced diets. All subsample participants had relatively traditional lifestyles (low fat intake, limited consumption of processed foods and frequent walking) that may play a role in chronic disease outcomes in this region.
%K 24-h recall
%K Chronic diseases
%K Low- and middle income countries
%K Nutrition transition
%K Overweight
%K Urbanization
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693514
%P 90